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Transformational Leadership in Catholic Schools in the 21st Century: a Framework Development

Open Access

Journal Type:Research Article

Subject:Education

Subject Field:Education Journal

Volume:198, Issue: 1, June, 2026

Publish Date:June 8, 2026 2:41 am

Pages:748-761

Download:11

Views:17

Abstract

The study examined the transformational leadership in Catholic schools to develop the “Faith-Integrated Transformational Leadership Framework (FITLF), to bridge the gap in the existing literature. The study utilized convergent parallel mixed-methods developmental design. Qualitative data were gathered through IDI (7 school leaders) and FGD (30 teachers and staff) selected purposively. Quantitative results from survey further revealed that transformational leadership is highly practiced, with teachers (M = 3.20) and staff (M = 3.21). Statistical analysis found no significant difference between teachers’ and staff’s perceptions (p = .849), suggesting a consistent leadership experience across Catholic schools. Qualitative findings revealed that leadership practices are anchored in values-based leadership, shared vision, collaborative intellectual growth, and individualized care and mentorship, with strong integration of Catholic identity. The study revealed transformational leadership challenges such as Authoritarian Culture and Structural Leadership Constraints; and Operational Overload, Communication Gaps, and Resistance to Change. Further, Opportunities for strengthening Transformational leadership includes Servant Leadership, Open Personal Communication, and Institutional Support; and Adaptive Innovation and Preservation of Catholic Identity. Meta-inferences were used to develop the “Faith-Integrated Transformational Leadership Framework (FITLF)”. Transformational leadership is found to be practiced in the context of Catholic school education, but not to the highest extent. Thus, Catholic school leaders are encouraged to strengthen current Transformational leadership practices

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