Emerging and reemerging infectious disease has caused a catastrophic effect in the world. Nearly 14 million people lost their lives by fighting against these diseases. This disease can cause epidemics and pandemics. If we look into the history of pandemics, viruses play an important role in causing it. Whether it is smallpox, plaque, leprosy, influenza, dengue, or coronavirus, they aim to cause destruction. These infectious diseases never leave our back. But we can hinder them. In 2015, WHO proposed the names of 10 potential viruses that can cause the next outbreak and pandemic. All of these viruses are those that once occurred in two decades and cause a lot of destruction. Some of them are still infecting humans. Surveillance plays a crucial role in detecting and responding to these infectious agents. Molecular technology, phylogenetic and phylogeographic analysis as helped a lot in predicting these outbreak and hindering their chain of transmission. Genomic epidemiology is being used for the development of interventions and limiting the spread of these infectious diseases. WHO and GOARN have proposed a response system to affected countries. In case of an emergency outbreak, the team of GOARN is needed to reach those countries within 24 hours. There is some control measure which is being used to prevent the spread of existing outbreak and occurrence of a future outbreak.

epidemics

pandemics

small pox

leprosy

corona virus

survillience

phylogenatic analysis

phylogeographic analysis

genomic epidemiology

GOARN