Late-onset depression is common in elderly patients with cognitive impairment and reaches a prevalence of up to 40%. Depression in the elderly is often accompanied by cognitive deficits and executive dysfunction, especially in processing speed, attention, and executive functions, such as planning, setting goals, initiating, continuing, and completing actions, as well as declines in the ability to learn and remember things. In the last 10 years, Problem Adaptation Therapy (PATH) has become one of the interventions developed to treat elderly cases with depression and cognitive impairment with the aim of reducing depression and disability in the elderly with depression and cognitive impairment, ranging from mild cognitive deficits to moderate dementia, by improving emotional regulation skills and using a problem-solving approach, applying environmental adaptation and compensatory strategies to bypass the patient's cognitive, behavioral and functional boundaries, and selectively involving caregivers to participate in treatment.