Background: Low Birth Weight (LBW) babies have an increased risk of infant mortality and morbidity. LBW is defined as babies weighing fewer than 2,500 grams at birth. Maternal anemia or hemoglobin levels less than 11 g/dL is a significant risk factor associated with LBW. Objective: This study systematically analyzed the association between maternal anemia in the third trimester and low birth weight. Methods: This systematic review was conducted using the primary databases (PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar), literature in Indonesian and English, and literature using cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control for the study researcher. Results: 5 cohorts, 2 cross-sectional, and 1 case-control study were included in this systematic review after a total of 2171 articles were retrieved from a database and systematically examined with PRISMA. Conclusion: Maternal anemia in the third trimester is associated with low birth weight because third-trimester hemoglobin is a crucial factor in determining birth weight.