During the COVID-19 pandemic, a number of institutions were unprepared to support online assessment. However, the integrity and quality of online learning assessments must be safeguarded. This study is a synthesis, a written discussion integrating the findings of many online assessment researches on Higher Education Institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings of this study include issues and challenges to assessment integrity posed by online assessment and a discussion of assessment practices and pedagogy for maintaining students academic integrity.