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Four Cs of Outcomes-Based Teaching and Learning: A Literature Review

Open Access

Journal Type:Research Article

Subject:Education

Subject Field:Education Journal

Volume:122, Issue: 1, April, 2023

Publish Date:April 7, 2023 8:00 pm

Pages:23-28

Download:2058

Views:744

Abstract

Outcome-based Education (OBE) is not a new approach to 21st century education, but some teachers as implementers do not fully understand the OBE system and its different forms. This study is a literature review focusing on Outcomes-Based Teaching and Learning (OBTL), which is a course-level version of OBE. The purpose of the study is to understand the context of OBTL and to synthesize its salient features. Twenty-one journal articles from Google Scholar database were utilized and subjected to analysis. The findings suggested four Cs features of OBTL including, course-level learning outcomes, connected learning, continuous improvement, and constructive alignment. However, limitations were recognized in the recommendation section to give comprehensive understanding of OBTL comprehensively.

© 2026 International Journal of Research Publications (IJRP). All rights reserved.