Strabismus is a misalignment of the visual axis that occurs because the requirements for normal binocular vision are not met, including functional, motor, and central nervous conditions. Strabismus is an eye disorder that often occurs in children. One of the risk factors for strabismus in children is impaired visual function caused by refractive errors. The mechanism of strabismus due to refractive errors involves three factors: uncorrected refractive errors, an accommodative urge to produce a clear image, and the patients fusion mechanism, which is insufficient to compensate for the increased tone. This literature review investigates the correlation between strabismus and refractive error, exploring the types of strabismus with the types of refractive error.