Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a condition where there is a shift from a microbiota dominated by Lactobacillus to one dominated by anaerobic and facultative bacteria. In reproductive-age women, the most common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge is bacterial vaginosis (BV). Women with BV typically complain of thin, grayish-white discharge that has a fishy odor, which is more noticeable after sexual intercourse. When bacterial vaginosis occurs, the number of lactobacilli decreases and may even disappear, while the number of anaerobic and facultative anaerobic organisms increases. Having a new sexual partner is the most significant risk factor for BV incidence. For diagnosing bacterial vaginosis, Gram staining and Nugent scoring are the gold standard. Treatment of BV primarily aims to reduce or eliminate the symptoms, most commonly excessive vaginal discharge and unpleasant odor. This review article aims to provide a general overview and information about bacterial vaginosis so that women of reproductive age can prevent the occurrence of bacterial vaginosis.