Recognized as an essential urban component, vegetation plays multiple roles in cities, not only in urban planning and landscaping but also in social, ecological, and environmental aspects. This article explores the evolution of the role of vegetation in urban environments in Tunisia through different phases of urbanization, shedding light on the influence of these transformations on the genesis of public green spaces. From the construction of the first major cities to the present day, this research examines the events and factors that have shaped the emergence of vegetation in urban public spaces, as well as the evolution of the relationship between city dwellers and vegetation. Using the advent of the French protectorate as a reference point, this article provides an in-depth look at urban organization and its relationship with vegetation, thus highlighting the importance of understanding this evolution for contemporary urban planning and the preservation of natural resources in urban environments.