Radiologic technology is essential in modern healthcare, utilizing imaging modalities like X-ray, CT, MRI, and ultrasound for diagnosis and treatment. This paper critically examines recent advancements, focusing on artificial intelligence (AI) in imaging, dose reduction strategies in CT, and MRI for early detection of neurodegenerative diseases. AI enhances diagnostic accuracy but faces challenges like data privacy. Dose reduction techniques improve patient safety without compromising image quality. MRI shows promise in early diagnosis of diseases like Alzheimers. These advancements highlight the potential to improve clinical outcomes and patient care, though practical and ethical challenges remain.