The Predictors of Mortality Rate in Hypertensive COVID-19 Patients based on Electrocardiogram, Chest X-Ray and Laboratory Abnormalities
Abstract
The probability of in-hospital death was significantly higher in patients with hypertension, hence increasing the risk for severe clinical presentations of COVID-19. This retrospective cohort study included 406 patients with hypertension and confirmed COVID-19 in referral hospitals in East Java between March 2020 to April 2021. Clinical finding, electrocardiograph (ECG), laboratory and chest x-ray (CXR) findings are examined to predict mortality of the hypertensive COVID-19 patients. The median patient age was 57 years with range 49 - 64 years old, predominantly men 58.4%. The final model associated with an increase of mortality in hypertensive COVID-19 patients include cardiomegaly (p = 0.036), sinus tachycardia (p = 0.001), ST-segment abnormalities (p = 0.036), right bundle branch block (p = 0.008), left bundle branch block (p = 0.046), left ventricle hypertrophy (p = 0,023), and creatinine (p = 0.000) which were found to be significant predictors of mortality in hypertensive COVID-19 patients after the multivariable regression analysis. We concluded that three different examinations (CXR, ECG, and Laboratory findings) increase the mortality risk in hypertensive COVID-19 patients.