Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for

lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Its impact on

symptom severity, assessed by the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and

prostate volume remains under-investigated in Southeast Asian populations.

Objective: To evaluate the association between metabolic syndrome, IPSS, and prostate

volume in patients attending a teaching hospital in North Sumatra.

Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled male patients with and without MetS

according to WHO criteria. IPSS was assessed using validated questionnaires, and prostate

volume was measured by transabdominal ultrasound. Associations were analyzed using

chi-square and independent eta tests, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results: A total of 56 patients were included (28 with MetS, 28 controls). Patients with MetS

had significantly higher mean IPSS scores (12,43 ± 1,5 vs. 7 ± 2,14, p < 0.05) and larger

prostate volume (41,39 ± 3,19 mL vs. 27,32 ± 2,34 mL, p < 0.01). The prevalence of

moderate-to-severe LUTS (IPSS ≥ 8) was higher in the MetS group (64,3% vs. 35,7%, p <

0.05).

Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome is significantly associated with higher LUTS severity and

greater prostate volume. These findings highlight the importance of metabolic evaluation in

men presenting with LUTS to improve integrated management strategies.