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Integration of Problem-based and Project-based Learning (PPBL): Its Effect on the Entrepreneurial Skills of Grade 9 TVE Students

Open Access
Journal Type:Research Article
Subject Field:Secondary Education
Downloads:71
Publish Date:April 6, 2026 6:52 pm
Views:146
Volume:194, Issue: 1, April, 2026
Subject:Education
Pages:296-316

Abstract

The education system offers a variety of options for young citizens, and the teachers have the responsibility to motivate young aspirants to become entrepreneurs. There have been numerous concepts that fall particularly within technical-vocational education (TVE) programs, such as project-based and problem-based learning, which are in the sense of fostering an entrepreneurial mindset. This study primarily aims to assess the effect of the integration of problem-based and project-based learning on the entrepreneurial skills of Grade 9 technical-vocational education (TVE) students at Malvar School of Arts and Trade. Specifically, this study sought to answer the pre-test scores and post-test scores of the student-respondents on critical thinking, creativity and innovation, teamwork, and resilience, the level of student-respondents’ entrepreneurial skills in project-based learning using a rubric, and the level of effectiveness of problem-based and project-based learning on the entrepreneurial skills of Grade 9 technical-vocational education (TVE) students. The study concluded that there is a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of student-respondents on critical thinking, creativity and innovation, teamwork, and resilience, and there is no significant difference between the entrepreneurial skills of student-respondents exposed to project-based learning.

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