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Autonomy, Competence, and Relatedness Developed in Extracurricular Activities: Roles in Shaping the Student Classroom Engagement

Open Access

Journal Type:Research Article

Subject:Education

Subject Field:Secondary Education

Volume:198, Issue: 1, June, 2026

Publish Date:June 11, 2026 4:47 pm

Pages:1650-1662

Download:12

Views:22

Abstract

Low student classroom engagement is alarming. I describe how autonomy, competence, and relatedness developed through extracurricular activities shape classroom engagement. Using a qualitative descriptive design, I interviewed fourteen purposively selected students and applied thematic analysis. I found that the roles of autonomy, competence, and relatedness in developing classroom engagement involve strengthening students' self-discipline, skill mastery, and supportive relationships. Teachers may strengthen classroom engagement through collaborative activities and professional development initiatives. Future studies may utilize Multiple Linear Regression Analysis to predict classroom engagement, and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to develop and validate instruments based on the identified themes.

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