Academic motivation, self-efficacy and emotional health among Students at Risk of Dropping Out (SARDO).: Basis for proposed guidance program.
Journal Type:Research Article
Subject:Education
Subject Field:World Educational Psychology
Volume:198, Issue: 1, June, 2026
Publish Date:June 11, 2026 4:31 pm
Pages:1619-1638
Download:8
Views:16
Abstract
Dropout is one of the major problems in education, and students at risk of dropping out (SARDO) are those who demonstrate academic, attendance, and behavioral issues that may lead them to leave school before completion. This study examined the academic motivation, self-efficacy, and emotional health of students at risk of dropping out (SARDO) at Luis Palad Integrated High School, Tayabas City, Quezon, using SARDO data from the 2024-2025 academic year. Along with demographic factors, most respondents were male and came from families earning ₱12,000 to ₱24,000 monthly. Grade 8 students made up the largest group, while Grade 9 had the fewest. In terms of academic motivation, respondents demonstrated moderate motivation, with intrinsic motivation slightly higher than extrinsic motivation. Academic self-efficacy was also moderately high, indicating students’ confidence in handling school challenges despite dropout risks. Emotional health, measured using the PERMA model (Positive emotion, Engagement, Relationship, Meaning, and Accomplishment), showed Meaning as the strongest and Accomplishment as the weakest. Data showed that engagement varied significantly by sex and family income, while grade-level differences highlighted specific weaknesses across areas. However, no significant relationships were found between academic motivation and emotional health or between academic self-efficacy and emotional health, as the correlations were weak. Based on these results, a guidance program called “Ligtas Panagrap Program” is suggested to pinpoint the major problems in each grade level in terms of Emotional Health. This program aims to support at-risk learners in maintaining academic participation and emotional well-being.