This review paper synthesized existing literature on talent management practices, leadership skills, and professional values in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), with special emphasis on the Philippine context. Based on peer-reviewed research, theoretical considerations and some empirical evidence this paper analyzed how talent attraction, talent retention, learning and development and career management relate to the leadership skills and professional values of the academic as well as non-academic regular staff. Particularly, it analyzed the theoretical bases pertinent to these variables such as the Resource-Based View Theory, Transformational Leadership Theory, Family Values Framework and Signaling theory. Results from the literature consistently reflected a significant contribution of successful talent management strategy in leadership performance outcomes, while professional values served as an important moderator within these relationships. Possible gaps in the literature are identified and discussed, especially with regard to the moderating role of professional values in Philippine HEIs. This research adds to the strategic human resource management literature in education and suggested avenues for future empirical investigations.