Corporate Culture and Fraud Tendency Perceptions: Testing Fraud Hexagon Theory in a Selected Philippine Region
Journal Type:Research Article
Subject:Business Studies
Subject Field:Accounting, Finance and Risk Management
Volume:199, Issue: 1, June, 2026
Publish Date:June 26, 2026 3:45 pm
Pages:983-994
Download:15
Views:43
Abstract
This study examines the Perception of Fraud Tendency (PFT) among employees of microfinance-oriented financial institutions in the CALABARZON region of the Philippines using the Fraud Hexagon framework. It evaluates whether pressure, capability, opportunity, rationalization, ego, and collusion predict PFT and whether corporate culture moderates these relationships. The study addresses a gap in existing literature by focusing on operational employees in a microfinance context, where decentralized processes and field-based transactions shape fraud-related conditions. A quantitative, cross-sectional research design was employed. Data was collected from 209 respondents selected through proportional stratified random sampling across four institutions. A structured survey instrument adapted from prior studies was used, and reliability was confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha. Multiple linear regression and moderated regression analyses were conducted using SPSS to test direct and interaction effects. The findings indicate that the Fraud Hexagon is only partially supported in this context. Opportunity and collusion were found to be significant positive predictors of PFT, with collusion emerging as the strongest predictor. Pressure, capability, rationalization, and ego were not statistically significant. Corporate culture demonstrated a significant negative direct effect on PFT but did not significantly moderate the relationships between the Fraud Hexagon components and PFT. The results suggest that fraud tendency perception in microfinance institutions is influenced more by structural and relational conditions than by individual-level factors. The study contributes to fraud and organizational behavior literature by clarifying the role of corporate culture as a direct influence rather than a moderating mechanism and by providing context-specific evidence for fraud risk management in microfinance operations.