This article review explores the intricate interplay between oxygen dynamics and COVID-19, investigating the relationships between hypoxia, hypoxemia, hyperoxia, and hyperoxemia. The primary aim is to provide a nuanced understanding of how deviations from optimal oxygen levels influence the course of COVID-19, with implications for diagnosis and therapeutic interventions. A thorough literature review was conducted to gather and analyze existing research on the relationships between oxygen dynamics and COVID-19. The exploration focused on studies investigating hypoxia, hypoxemia, hyperoxia, and hyperoxemia in the context of the disease. Relevant data and findings were extracted to construct a comprehensive overview of the complex interplay between oxygen levels and the pathological mechanisms associated with COVID-19. The review reveals the intricate relationship between hypoxia and hypoxemia, elucidating how oxygen deprivation and systemic oxygen deficiency contribute to the progression and severity of COVID-19. Simultaneously, an exploration of the relationship between hyperoxia and hyperoxemia unveils the impact of oxygen levels beyond the norm on the pathological landscape of the virus. The etiology and pathophysiology of COVID-19 are examined in detail, with a focus on the role of hypoxia and hyperoxia in shaping the diseases progression. Pneumonia and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) are discussed as critical manifestations of COVID-19, emphasizing their intricate relationship with oxygen dynamics. In conclusion, this comprehensive review provides valuable insights into the complex interplay between oxygen levels and the pathological mechanisms associated with COVID-19. The findings underscore the significance of considering oxygen dynamics in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. By unraveling the relationships between hypoxia, hypoxemia, hyperoxia, and hyperoxemia, this study aims to inform clinicians, researchers, and healthcare practitioners, offering a holistic understanding of the dynamic nature of oxygen regulation in the context of COVID-19.