This literature review describes  several matters related to hospital-acquired bacteremia incidence such as risk factors, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management. Bacteremia, which was defined as a bacterial infection in the bloodstream, often occurs as a complication in patients who were hospitalized. This review describes risk factors that contributes hospitalized patients to be more susceptible to develops hospital - acquired bacteremia during their treatment in inside the hospital. These risk factors could originated from the patients theirselves, such as having a history of comorbidities or from hospital environment such as pathogen spread in the hospital or due to the exposure to medical procedures and devices. Patients who were hospitalized usually experience low immune system, causing bacteria from their original source to spread in the bloodstream due to the failure of the bodys defense system to eliminate these bacteria. The primary diagnosis of hospital-acquired bacteremia is proved by positive blood culture after at least 48 hours of admission to the hospital. Management of bacteremia should be based on rapid, appropriate and empirical antibiotic therapy based on the organism causing the bacteremia, history and patient condition.