Recidivism and local peace and security: Toward policy recommendations for strengthening the Enhanced Comprehensive Local Integration Program (E-CLIP)
Abstract
This study examined the effectiveness of the Enhanced Comprehensive Local Integration Program (E‑CLIP) in facilitating the reintegration of former rebel beneficiaries, reducing insurgency recidivism, and enhancing local peace and security. A descriptive-correlational research design was employed, with a quantitative survey administered to 87 former rebel beneficiaries. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation to determine relationships between reintegration factors like financial and livelihood assistance, psychosocial support, education and training, and community engagement, and outcomes such as insurgency recidivism and local peace and security. Findings show that E‑CLIP effectively promotes holistic reintegration, with community support emerging as the most vital factor, highlighting the importance of social acceptance and active community involvement. Education and training are also highly valued, emphasizing the role of skills development in enhancing employability and independence. Financial and livelihood assistance, along with psychosocial services, are crucial for addressing economic and emotional needs, while sustained employment and monitoring mechanisms helped reduce insurgency recidivism. Although individual reintegration factors demonstrated weak direct statistical links to local peace and security, the combined effect of multidimensional interventions was found to significantly support reintegration outcomes. It is concluded that a coordinated, multifaceted approach that integrates financial, educational, psychosocial, and community-based interventions is essential to achieve sustainable reintegration, prevent relapse into armed conflict, and promote social cohesion. Policy recommendations include expanding vocational and educational programs, institutionalizing psychosocial support and trauma-informed care, maintaining livelihood assistance, encouraging structured community engagement, strengthening monitoring and evaluation, and fostering inter-agency collaboration. These measures are expected to enhance E‑CLIP implementation, decrease insurgency recidivism, and improve local peace and security.